Tyfu Heb Bridd ar gyfer Cnydau Addurniadol
Mae cynhyrchu cnwd addurniadol yn gofyn am blanhigion cadarn y gellir eu tyfu i amserlen a manyleb dynn sy’n ddigon cadarn i ddangos egni cyn ac ar ôl eu gwerthu. Mae’r sector cnydau addurniadol hefyd yn ceisio gwneud y defnydd mwyaf effeithlon o adnoddau, yn arbennig yn nhermau y defnydd o swbstradau, er mwyn gwella ei gynaliadwyedd amgylcheddol ac economaidd.
Gellir defnyddio technegau tyfu hydroponeg i gyflawni’r nodau hyn mewn amrywiaeth o ffyrdd. Yn hytrach na dibynnu ar bridd i ddarparu dŵr a maetholion (wedi’u hategu gan ffrwythloni/dyfrhau yn ôl yr angen, mae hydroponeg yn defnyddio sylwedd anadweithiol er mwyn darparu strwythur a chefnogaeth i’r gwreiddiau, tra bod cymwysiadau toddiant maetholion a reolir yn ofalus yn darparu’r holl ddŵr a maetholion sydd eu hangen ar blanhigion ar hyd eu cylch oes.
Gellir defnyddio hyn ar gyfer graddau amrywiol iawn o lwyn mewn potyn 2l i becyn o chwech planhigyn amrywiol i’w plannu allan, ond ym mhob achos mae planhigion yn cael eu tyfu gyda strwythur gwraidd cywasgedig, datblygedig mewn symiau bychan iawn o swbstrad.
Gellir defnyddio’r dechnoleg hefyd yn y sector blodau wedi’u torri, lle gellir cynnal planhigion sy’n cymryd mwy o amser i dyfu, fel y rhosyn, mewn cyflwr cynhyrchiol drwy’r tymor cyfan. Gellir ymestyn cynhyrchiant hydroponeg i amrywiaeth eang o fathau o blanhigion sy’n cael eu tyfu yn yr un system.
I dyfwyr yng Nghymru, bydd canolbwyntio ar gyflenwad lleol, y gallu i ddarparu amrediad o fathau o blanhigion i’w cwsmeriaid, yn cynyddu mynediad at gwsmeriaid. Gall cymhwysiad manwl leihau amseroedd tyfu cnwd, gan wella gallu tyfwyr i gyflawni archebion cwsmeriaid a chyfnodau galw brig. Gellir ymestyn y systemau hefyd i gynnwys cnydau bwytadwy (yn arbennig perlysiau) y gall tyfwyr eu defnyddio i ehangu eu hamrediad o gynnyrch ymhellach.
Drwy’r llwybr hwn, mae’r cynnyrch hydroponeg yn alinio gyda gweledigaeth hirdymor Llywodraeth Cymru ar gyfer garddwriaeth, ar gyfer hyrwyddo arallgyfeirio o’r allbynnau garddwriaeth traddodiadol a thrwy wella effeithlonrwydd cynhyrchiant o fewnbynnau adnoddau craidd i gadwyni cyflenwi lleol, mwy cywasgedig.
Mae dwyster plannu uchel hefyd yn cynyddu effeithlonrwydd rheolaethau biolegol ar gyfer plâu a chlefydau, ac mae rheolaeth well o ardal y gwreiddiau yn creu gostyngiadau mewn clefydau gwreiddiau parhaus. Mae’r costau llafur is sy’n gysylltiedig â chynhyrchu mewn pentwr neu ar uchder bwrdd, a’r gallu i reoli’r amgylchedd tyfu yn golygu y gellir cyflawni’r effeithlonrwydd uchaf o ran adnoddau tra’n cynnig cynnyrch unffurf a chyson sydd â’r potensial i gael ei dyfu drwy’r flwyddyn gyfan.
Mae amaethu heb bridd hefyd yn golygu na fydd y cnwd yn cael ei lygru gan farchnadwyedd gwella pridd. Mae ailgylchredeg dŵr a maetholion yn golygu bod y gwastraff dŵr 20 gwaith yn llai na’r hyn a welir fel arfer gyda systemau tyfu pridd, gan wella cynaliadwyedd y broses gynhyrchu. Er y gellir dechrau ar ddulliau tyfu heb bridd ar raddfa fach, gan ddefnyddio technoleg syml, mae hefyd yn cyd-fynd yn dda gyda thechnoleg megis goleuadau deuod allyrru golau (LED); technoleg synhwyro cnydau a chyfoethogi gyda charbon deuocsid; sy’n darparu cyfle rhagorol ar gyfer ehangu a thyfu.
Ysgrifennwyd y ddogfen hon fel canllaw ymarferol i dyfwyr sy’n awyddus i arallgyfeirio eu busnes gan ddefnyddio technegau hydroponeg.
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