Taflen Cyngor Technegol: Tyfu Blodau’r Haul
Download the Toolkit: Tyfu Sunflower v2 - Welsh.pdf
Cyflwyniad
Gall blodau’r haul fod yn ychwanegiad deniadol iawn i amrywiaeth eang o fusnesau. Gallant gael eu gwerthu ochr yn ochr ag amrywiaeth o gynnyrch eraill, ac oherwydd y tymor blodeuo hir, gall hyn hyd yn oed ymestyn i'r hydref i gyd-fynd â phwmpenni adeg Calan Gaeaf. Gellir torri pennau yn ôl yr angen a'u gwerthu'n unigol wrth ymyl tiliau ar gyfer cnydau eraill. Ar gyfer safleoedd lle mae nifer yr ymwelwyr yn bwysig – pigo eich ffrwythau eich hun er enghraifft – gellir gwerthu blodau’r haul naill ai fel cynnyrch ‘pigo eich hun’ neu eu tyfu fel cefndir ar gyfer ffotograffau. Gallant hefyd fod yn llwybr hawdd i flodau wedi'u torri fel cnwd cychwynnol i adeiladu sylfaen o gwsmeriaid. Yn ogystal â chnwd sy’n cael ei dyfu’n yr haf, gall blodau’r haul elwa o gael eu tyfu o dan dwnnel, gan gynnig tymor hirach oherwydd mwy o ddiogelwch rhag difrod gwynt a glaw.
Amserlen a Chynllunio
Gellir cynnwys blodau’r haul mewn amrywiaeth o amserlenni i weddu i wahanol fodelau marchnata. Mae blodau’r haul sy’n cael eu plannu ddiwedd Ebrill yn debygol o ddangos ffurfiant blodau ganol Gorffennaf os yw’r amodau yn ffafriol, neu’n hwyrach hyd at ddechrau Awst am y mathau sydd â phennau mwy. Gellir cynaeafu’r blodau yn gyson drwy blannu blodau newydd bob 7 - 14 diwrnod yn ystod y gwanwyn. Bydd planhigion sy’n cael eu hau ddechrau Ebrill yn barod i'w cynaeafu mewn 14-17 wythnos yn dibynnu ar gyltifar ac amodau, a byddant yn barod i'w cynaeafu rhwng canol mis Awst a dechrau mis Medi.
Dewis Safle
Mae gwreiddiau dwfn gan flodau’r haul a bydd ganddyn nhw anghenion dŵr a maeth sylweddol er y gellir tyfu blodau’r haul mewn ystod eang o fathau o bridd. Fodd bynnag, mae blodau’r haul yn annhebygol o fod angen llawer o nitrogen (os o gwbl) er efallai y bydd angen rheoli microfaethynnau yn ofalus, yn enwedig boron, fel y trafodir isod. Byddan nhw’n tyfu orau mewn pridd sydd wedi'i ddraenio'n dda sy’n cynhesu'n gyflym yn y gwanwyn. Gall blodau’r haul oddef sychder, sy’n golygu eu bod yn addas i'w defnyddio ar briddoedd sy’n gallu gwrthsefyll sychder. I gael y canlyniadau gorau, cae sy'n wynebu'r de i ffwrdd o goed fydd fwyaf addas ar gyfer blodau’r haul.
Cylchdro Cnydau
Mae blodau’r haul yn agored iawn i Sclerotinia a all fod yn risg i gnydau eraill sy’n cael eu tyfu yn yr un cylchdro, gan gynnwys tatws. Mae'n well osgoi cylchdroadau byr o bedair blynedd neu lai i leihau'r risg. Bydd nitrogen uchel yn y pridd hefyd yn lleihau’r cnydau, felly ceisiwch osgoi hau blodau’r haul ar ôl cnydau sy'n gadael gweddillion nitrogen mawr fel brassicas. Gall rheoli chwyn ar ôl sefydlu fod yn anodd oherwydd ychydig o chwynladdwyr cymeradwy sydd ar gael ar gyfer blodau’r haul, felly gall cyfnod braenar gaeafu cyn plannu fod yn ddefnyddiol wrth reoli chwyn glaswellt a llydanddail drwy ddefnyddio chwynladdwyr nad ydynt yn ddetholus.
Dadlwythwch y pecyn cymorth llawn yma: Taflen Gyngor Technegol: Tyfu Blodau'r Haul
Ymwadiad
Gwneir pob ymdrech i sicrhau cywirdeb y wybodaeth a'r argymhellion a roddir yn y nodiadau hyn. Dylid defnyddio cemegau amddiffyn cnydau yn unol ag argymhellion y label, y dylid ymgynghori â hwy cyn chwistrellu. Efallai na fydd rhai o'r plaladdwyr a grybwyllir yn y nodiadau hyn yn cael eu cefnogi gan argymhellion y label i’w defnyddio ar gnydau ond fe'u caniateir trwy Estyniad Awdurdodi ar gyfer Mân Ddefnydd (EAMU) yn y DU o dan 'Y Trefniadau Tymor Hir Diwygiedig ar gyfer Ymestyn Defnydd (2002 )'. Yn yr achosion hyn, mae defnyddio'r plaladdwr yn cael ei wneud yn ôl risg y defnyddiwr ac nid yw Tyfu Cymru yn derbyn atebolrwydd am unrhyw golled neu ddifrod a achosir gan ddefnydd o'r fath. Mae'r cyfeiriadau at gymeradwyaethau ar y label ac EAMUs ar gyfer defnyddio plaladdwyr mewn cnydau pwmpen ac maent yn gywir adeg ysgrifennu'r adroddiad hwn. Gall y rhain newid a gellir tynnu cymeradwyaeth yn ôl ar unrhyw adeg. Cyfrifoldeb y tyfwr yw gwirio cymeradwyaethau cyn defnyddio plaladdwyr. Os oes unrhyw amheuaeth, dylai tyfwr ofyn am gyngor gan gynghorydd BASIS cymwysedig - mae ar gael yn rhad ac am ddim i dyfwyr cymwys drwy raglen Tyfu Cymru. Cysylltwch â ni i drefnu apwyntiad – cyngor e-bost/ffôn ar gael hefyd.
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